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1 μαρτύριον
μαρτύριον, ου, τό (s. μάρτυς; Pind., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX oft.; EpArist 306; Philo, Joseph., Just.).① that which serves as testimony or proof, testimony, proofⓐ consisting of an action, a circumstance, or a thing that serves as a testimony (Pla., Leg. 12, 943c [τ. στέφανον] ἀναθεῖναι μαρτύριον εἰς … κρίσιν; Jos., Ant. 6, 66; Just., D. 141, 3; Did., Gen. 63, 24) προσένεγκον τὸ δῶρον εἰς μαρτύριον αὐτοῖς Mt 8:4 (JZoller, ‘Z. Zeugnis für sie’: Ricerche Relig. 5, 1929, 385–91 against SZeitlin: Rev. des Études juives 87, 1929, 79–82); cp. Mk 1:44; Lk 5:14. ἐκτινάξατε τὸν χοῦν εἰς μ. αὐτοῖς Mk 6:11; cp. Lk 9:5 (ἐπʼ αὐτούς). ἐπὶ ἡγεμόνας ἀχθήσεσθε ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ εἰς μαρτύριον αὐτοῖς Mt 10:18; cp. Mk 13:9; ἀποβήσεται ὑμῖν εἰς μ. Lk 21:13 (s. ἀποβαίνω 2). κηρυχθήσεται ἐν ὅλῃ τ. οἰκουμένῃ εἰς μ. Mt 24:14. ἐδίδου τὸ μ. (Paul) bore witness (through his fearless facing of the lion) AcPl Ha 4, 28 (cp. Kaibel 397, 1 μαρτύριον ὀρθοῦ βίου, ‘the witness of an upright life’).—A spoken statement serves εἰς μ. as a testimony 9:3; IPhld 6:3; a written statement εἰς μ. ἐν ὑμῖν (cp. Dt 31:26) ITr 12:3. The fact that certain numbers occur in the OT serves as an indication, amounting to a testimony, of certain details in the plan of salvation 8:3f; cp. GEb 34, 62. The redeeming death of Jesus was a testimony (of God) 1 Ti 2:6 (others find the referent in vs. 5). The rust on the money of the wealthy will turn out εἰς μ. for them Js 5:3. Moses as a servant (whose service is directed) εἰς μ. τῶν λαληθησομένων, toward testifying about revelations still to come Hb 3:5. The μείωσις τῆς σαρκός as μ. ἐκλογῆς testimony or proof of (s)election Dg 4:4.ⓑ consisting of a statement that is brought out as testimony: w. subj. gen. τὸ μ. τῆς συνειδήσεως the testimony that our conscience gives 2 Cor 1:12. W. obj. gen. ἀπεδίδουν τὸ μ. … τῆς ἀναστάσεως they gave testimony to the resurrection Ac 4:33. τὸ μ. τοῦ σταυροῦ the testimony of the cross Pol 7:1. Of Christian preaching and the gospel gener. τὸ μ. τοῦ Χριστοῦ the testimony to Christ 1 Cor 1:6; cp. 2 Ti 1:8. τὸ μ. τοῦ θεοῦ the testimony of God 1 Cor 2:1. ἐπιστεύθη τὸ μ. ἡμῶν ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς our testimony to you was believed 2 Th 1:10.② used in the LXX as the transl. of מוֹעֵד in the expr. ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μ.=אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד tent of meeting, tent/tabernacle of testimony (Ex 28:43 al.; Just.) Ac 7:44; Rv 15:5; 1 Cl 43:2, 5.③ martyrdom Papias (12:1); MPol 1:1; 2:1; 18:3; 19:1; EpilMosq 2; Phlm subscr. v.l.—On absence in John, s. M-EBoismard, Le Chapitre 21 de St Jean: RB ’54 (’47), 482.—DELG s.v. μάρτυς. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
2 μαρτύριον
A testimony, proof,πρῶτον καὶ μέγιστον μ. Hdt. 2.22
, cf. Pi.I.4(3).10, etc.: freq. in pl.,μαρτύρια θέσθαι Hdt. 8.55
, cf. A. Ag. 1095 (lyr.), Eu. 485, 797;μετ' ἀειμνήστου μ. Th. 1.33
; μαρτύριον δέ .., folld. by γάρ, here is a proof, namely.., ib.8, etc.;μέγα τόδε μ.,.. γάρ Hdt.8.120
.II τὰ μ. the tables of the Decalogue, LXX Le. 16.13, al.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μαρτύριον
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3 μαρτύριον
μαρτύριονtestimony: neut nom /voc /acc sgμαρτυρέωbear witness: imperf ind act 3rd pl (doric)μαρτυρέωbear witness: imperf ind act 1st sg (doric) -
4 μαρτύριον
1 evidence c. gen.ὅσσα δ' ἐπ ἀνθρώπους ἄηται μαρτύρια φθιμένων ζωῶν τε φωτῶν ἀπλέτου δόξας, ἐπέψαυσαν I. 4.10
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5 μαρτύριον
-ου + τό N 2 184-27-8-37-2=258 Gn 21,30; 31,44; Ex 16,34; 25,10.16testimony, proof Dt 31,26; testimony Ex 25,10; τὰ μαρτύρια testimonies, the Deca-logue Ex 25,16κιβωτὸν μαρτυρίου the ark of testimony Ex 25,10, cpr. 27,21*Ex 27,21 μαρτυρίου of testimony-⋄עד,עוד for MT מועד ⋄יעד congregation (very often in the expression σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου); *Hos 2,14 μαρτύριον testimony-עד,עוד for MT יער forest; *Zph 3,8εἰς μαρτύριον for a testimony-ֵעד ְלfor MT ַעד ְלfor ever, see also Am 1,11, Mi 7,18, Prv 29,14Cf. DOGNIEZ 1992 53.54; DORIVAL 1994, 57; HARLÉ 1988, 73; LE BOULLUEC 1989 43.280; ROST 1967,123-132; WEVERS 1990 398 (Ex 25,16).442.491.500.504; →NIDNTT; TWNT -
6 μαρτυρίοις
μαρτύριονtestimony: neut dat plμαρτυρέωbear witness: pres opt act 2nd sg (doric) -
7 μαρτυρίοισι
μαρτύριονtestimony: neut dat pl (epic ionic aeolic)μαρτυρέωbear witness: pres part act masc /neut dat pl (doric) -
8 μαρτυρίου
μαρτύριονtestimony: neut gen sg -
9 μαρτυρίων
μαρτύριονtestimony: neut gen plμαρτυρέωbear witness: pres part act masc nom sg (doric) -
10 μαρτύρια
μαρτύριονtestimony: neut nom /voc /acc pl -
11 εἰς
εἰς prep. w. acc. (Hom.+; s. the lit. under ἀνά, beg., also ATheimer, Die Präp. εἰς, ἐν, ἐκ im NT: Progr. z. 24. u. 29. Jahresbericht des niederösterr. Landes-Real-u. Obergymnasiums Horn 1896; 1901; AOepke, TW II 418–32), indicating motion into a thing or into its immediate vicinity or relation to something.① extension involving a goal or place, into, in, toward, toⓐ into, toward, to after verbs of going, or those that include motion toward a place (also after subst. as ἄφιξις Tat. 37, 1 or πορεία 38, 1); so after ἄγω, ἀκολουθέω, ἀναβαίνω, ἀνάγω, ἀναχωρέω, ἀνέρχομαι, ἄπειμι, ἀπέρχομαι, ἀποδημέω, ἀποπλέω, γίνομαι δεῦρο, διαβαίνω, διαπεράω, διασῴζω, διέρχομαι, διώκω, εἰσάγω, εἴσειμι, εἰσέρχομαι, εἰσπορεύομαι, ἐκπηδάω, ἐκπλέω, ἐκπορεύομαι, ἐμβαίνω, ἐμβάλλω, ἐνδύνω, ἐξέρχομαι, ἐπανάγω, ἐπιβαίνω, ἐπιστρέφω, ἔρχομαι (s. Goodsp., Probs. 56f), εὐθυδρομέω, ἥκω, καθίζω, καταβαίνω (s. Goodsp., Probs. 52–54), κατάγομαι, καταντάω, καταπλέω, καταφεύγω, κατέρχομαι, μεταβαίνω, ὁρμάω, παραβάλλω, παραγίνομαι, πέτομαι, πλέω, πορείαν ποιοῦμαι, πορεύομαι, προάγω, συμβάλλω, συνάγομαι, συναναβαίνω, συνέρχομαι, ὑπάγω, ὑποστρέφω, ὑποχωρέω, φεύγω, χωρέω; s. these entries.α. extension toward, in the direction of, a specific place to be reached. Hence w. nouns that denote an accessible place εἰς τὸν οἶκον into the house Mt 9:7; synagogue Ac 17:10; heaven Lk 2:15; abyss 8:31. φεύγειν εἰς τὰ ὄρη Mk 13:14. W. names of places and countries to Spain Ro 15:24, 28. εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ vs. 25 al. Also on, in εἰς (τὰς) ὁδούς Lk 14:23; Mt 10:5, 10; εἰς ὁδόν Mk 6:8; 10:17. εἰς ἀγρόν 16:12. In another sense ἀναβαίνει εἰς τὸ ὄρος 3:13; Mt 15:29.—In the vicinity of, near, to (Jos., Vi. 115 εἰς τ. κώμην) εἰς (τὴν) θάλασσαν Mk 7:31; 3:7 v.l.; Mt 17:27. εἰς πόλιν (Hdt. 2, 169; 4, 200, 1; Diod S 15, 32, 2 παραγενόμενος εἰς πόλιν) J 4:5; cp. vs. 28. εἰς τό μνημεῖον 11:31, 38; 20:1, 3f (cp. vs. 6). ἐγγίζειν εἰς (Tob 11:1) Mt 21:1; Mk 11:1; Lk 18:35; 19:29. εἰς τοὺς φραγμούς to the hedges 14:23. κλίνειν τὸ πρόσωπον εἰς τ. γῆν toward the ground 24:5.β. with focus on the area within the point reached. After verbs of sending, moving, etc., which result in movement or include a movement of the body to, into, among εἰς τὴν πόλιν into the city Mt 26:18 al.; boat Mt 8:23; J 6:17; world J 1:9; εἰς τ. ναόν 2 Th 2:4; εἰς (τὸ) μέσον (Sir 27:12; cp. 48:17): ἔστη εἰς τὸ μέσον (X., Cyr. 4, 1, 1), he (came and) stood among them J 20:19, 26; cp. Mk 14:60; Lk 6:8, also ἔγειρε εἰς τὸ μ. get up and come here Mk 3:3.—δέχεσθαι εἰς τὰς ἀγκάλας take in (into) one’s arms Lk 2:28 (cp. Jos., Ant. 8, 28).γ. of movement directed at a surface of an area on, in: of striking (PRyl 145, 13f [38 A.D.] ἔδωκεν πληγὰς πλείους εἰς πᾶν μέρος τοῦ σώματος=gave many blows all over his body; cp. PTebt 39, 32) τύπτειν εἰς τ. κεφαλήν on the head Mt 27:30 (cp. Arrian, Anab. 2, 26, 4 ἐμβάλλειν εἰς τ. κεφαλήν). ῥαπίζειν εἰς τὴν σιαγόνα on the cheek 5:39.—εἰς τ. ὄμματα Mk 8:23; εἰς τ. ὁδόν 11:8; ἀναπίπτειν εἰς τ. ἔσχατον τόπον sit in the lowest place Lk 14:10; cp. vs. 8. εἰς τὴν χεῖρα, τοὺς πόδας on his hand, his feet Lk 15:22.δ. of a position within a certain area be at, be in, be on εἰς is freq. used where ἐν would be expected (s. 1bβ below; for Mark usage s. JO’Rourke, JBL 85, ’66, 349–51)—(Hdt. 7, 239, 1; Diod S 13, 101, 3; 20, 30, 2; Vett. Val. index III p. 394b; PTebt 38, 14 [113 B.C.] εἰς ὸ̔ν ἐνοικεῖ … οἶκον; POxy 294, 6 [22 A.D.]; 929, 12; BGU 385, 5; 423, 7; Kaibel 134; LXX. Cp. GHatzidakis, Einl. in die neugr. Gramm. 1892, 210f; Mlt. 62f, 234f; Rob. 592f; Rdm.2 14; 140; B-D-F §205; EOldenburger, De Or. Sib. Elocutione, diss. Rostock 1903, 26ff) εἰς τ. κοίτην εἶναι Lk 11:7. εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν Mk 10:10. οἱ εἰς τ. οἶκόν μου (ὄντες) Lk 9:61. οἱ εἰς μακρὰν (ὄντες) Ac 2:39. καθημένου εἰς τὸ ὄρος Mk 13:3 (cp. Musonius 43, 18 H. καθῆσθαι εἰς Σινώπην). ὁ εἰς τὸν ἀγρὸν (ὤν) he who is in the field 13:16. γίνεσθαι εἰς τὴν Καφαρναούμ happen in Capernaum Lk 4:23. εἰς συναγωγὰς δαρήσεσθε you will be beaten in the synagogues Mk 13:9. εὑρέθη εἰς Ἄζωτον he found himself in A. Ac 8:40 (cp. Esth 1:5 τοῖς ἔθνεσιν τοῖς εὑρεθεῖσιν εἰς τ. πόλιν; Gen 37:17). ἀποθανεῖν εἰς Ἰερ. Ac 21:13 (cp. Aelian, VH 7, 8 Ἡφαιστίων εἰς Ἐκβάτανα ἀπέθανε). κατοικεῖν εἰς Ἰερ. Ac 2:5; cp. Mt 2:23; 4:13; Ac 7:4; Hb 11:9 (cp. Thu. 2, 102, 6; X., An. 1, 2, 24; Num 35:33; 2 Ch 19:4). χάριν, εἰς ἣν στῆτε the favor in which you stand 1 Pt 5:12. ἔχειν βιβλίον εἰς τὰς χεῖρας have a book in one’s hands Hv 1, 2, 2. πηλὸς γάρ ἐσμεν εἰς την χεῖρα τοῦ τεχνίτου for we are clay in the hand of the artisan. εἰς ταύτην τὴν πόλιν in this city 2, 4, 3 al.—εἰς=at or on (BGU 845, 20f; τραπέζας … εἰς ἃς ἤσθιον οἱ πτωχοί TestJob 25:5) ὁ ὢν εἰς τ. κόλπον τ. πατρός who leans on the breast (or reclines in the lap) of the Father (=who is on intimate terms w. the Father, s. κόλπος) J 1:18. In AcPlCor 2:35 the prepositions εἰς and ἐν appear to be carefully distinguished: τὰ δεσμὰ εἰς τὰς χείρας ἔχω … καὶ τὰ στίγματα ἐν τῷ σώματί μου.ε. of presence in an area determined by other objects, esp. after verbs of sending, moving, etc. including ἀπολύω, ἀποστέλλω, βάλλω, βαπτίζω, δέχομαι, δίδωμι, ἐγκεντρίζω, ἐκβάλλω, ἐκπέμπω, ἐκχέω, ἐμβάπτω, ἐξαποστέλλω, καθίημι, μεταπέμπομαι, παρακύπτω, πέμπω, χαλάω; s. these entries. ἐμπίπτειν εἰς τοὺς λῃστάς fall among robbers Lk 10:36. εἰς τὰς ἀκάνθας among the thorns Mk 4:7; εἰς τ. λαόν Ac 4:17 et al., where the transl. depends on the verb in question. πνεύματος ἁγίου … ἀποσταλέντος εἰς αὐτήν (Μαρίαν) sent into her AcPlCor 2:5; cp. 2:10 ἔπεμψεν εἰς τοὺς προφήτας into the prophets; 2:14 κατέπεμψε … εἰς Μαρίαν.—ἔστη εἰς τὸ κριτήριον she stood before the tribunal GJs 15:2 (difft. J 20:19, 26, s. 1aβ).ⓑ of direction toward something without ref. to bodily motion.α. w. verbs of looking (fr. Od. 10, 37; Il. 3, 364; LXX) ἀναβλέπειν εἴς τι look up toward someth. (2 Macc 7:28; Sus 35 Theod.) Mk 6:41; Lk 9:16; Ac 22:13; cp. ἀτενίζω, βλέπω, ἐμβλέπω, ὁράω (Just., D. 112, 1).—ἐπαίρειν τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς εἴς τινα raise one’s eyes toward someone Lk 6:20.β. after verbs of saying, teaching, proclaiming, preaching, etc. (Trag.; Hdt. 8:26, 3; Thu. 1, 72, 2; 5, 45, 1 and many later wr., incl. LXX) λαλεῖν εἰς τ. κόσμον say to the world J 8:26. τὸ εὐαγγέλιον εἰς ὅλον τ. κόσμον the gospel in the whole world Mk 14:9. εἰς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη 13:10; Lk 24:47. εἰς ὑμᾶς 1 Th 2:9. εὐαγγελίζεσθαι εἴς τινα 2 Cor 10:16; 1 Pt 1:25; γνωρίζειν Ro 16:26. ἀπαγγέλλειν τι εἴς τινα Mk 5:14; Lk 8:34. διαμαρτύρεσθαι εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ, μαρτυρεῖν εἰς Ῥώμην bear witness in Jerusalem, Rome Ac 23:11. ἵνα εἰς Νινευὴ μὴ κηρύξῃ AcPlCor 2:29. In these and similar cases εἰς approaches ἐν in mng.; s. 1aδ.γ. The same is true of βαπτίζεσθαι εἰς τὸν Ἰορδάνην Mk 1:9 and νίπτεσθαι εἰς τὴν κολυμβήθραν J 9:7; these expr. look like exx. of the interchange of εἰς and ἐν, but were orig. formed on the analogy of X., Cyr. 1, 3, 5 ἀποκαθαίρει τὴν χεῖρα εἰς τὰ χειρόμακτρα= lit. ‘into the towels’; cp. Epict. 3, 22, 71 ἵνʼ αὐτὸ (sc. τὸ παιδίον) λούσῃ εἰς σκάφην; Alciphron, Ep. 3, 7, 1; Athen. 10, 438e.② extension in time, to, until, onⓐ w. indication of specific timeα. up to which someth. continues εἰς τέλος to the end (Epict. 1, 7, 17) Mt 10:22; 24:13; Mk 13:13. εἰς ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν until that day 2 Ti 1:12 (Ath. 2, 1 εἰς … τὴν σήμερον ἡμέραν). εἰς ἡμέραν Χριστοῦ Phil 1:10. εἰς Χριστόν until the coming of the Messiah Gal 3:24.β. for or on which someth. happens μεριμνᾶν εἰς τὴν αὔριον be anxious for tomorrow Mt 6:34; cp. Hs 6, 5, 3; εἰς τὸ μέλλον for the future 1 Ti 6:19. εἰς τὸ μεταξὺ σάββατον on the next Sabbath Ac 13:42. εἰς ἡμέραν (UPZ 66, 5 [153 B.C.]) for the day Phil 2:16; cp. Eph 4:30; Rv 9:15.γ. at which someth. takes place (Appian, Mithrid. 74 §321 ἐς ἑσπέραν=in the evening; Epict. 4, 10, 31 αὔριον ἢ εἰς τὴν τρίτην; En 1:1 οἵτινες ἔσονται εἰς ἡμέραν ἀνάγκης) εἰς τὸν καιρὸν αὐτῶν in their time Lk 1:20; εἰς τὸ μέλλον in the future 13:9. εἰς τέλος in the end, finally (Hdt. 3, 403; Gen 46:4; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 18, 2) 18:5 (B-D-F §207, 3 prefers mng. 3 below and ὑπωπιάζω 3; s. also Mlt-Turner 266). εἰς τὸ πάλιν=πάλιν 2 Cor 13:2; s. Schmid I 167; II 129; III 282; IV 455; 625. εἰς ταχεῖαν soon AcPlCor 2:3.ⓑ to indicate duration of time for, throughout (Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 4 p. 332, 16 Jac. εἰς νύκτα; Arrian, Anab. 4, 30, 1 ἐς τρεῖς ἡμέρας; Just., D. 2, 5 εἰς μακρὰν for a long time) εἰς ἔτη πολλά for many years Lk 12:19. εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα, εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας (αἰών 1b) forever Mt 21:19; Mk 3:29; 11:14; Lk 1:33; J 8:35 and oft. εἰς ἡμέραν αἰῶνος to the day of eternity 2 Pt 3:18. εἰς γενεὰς καὶ γενεάς for generation after generation Lk 1:50. εἰς τὸ διηνεκές forever Hb 7:3; 10:1, 12, 14 (cp. Thu. 2, 64, 3 ἐς ἀί̈διον).③ marker of degree, up to: εἰς τέλος completely, fully, absolutely (s. Just, A I, 44, 12 and on τέλος 2bγ) 1 Th 2:16; B 4:7; 19:11; Hv 3, 7, 2; m 12, 2, 3; Hs 8, 6, 4; 8, 8, 5; 8, 9, 3.—J 13:1 combines in εἰς τέλος the mngs. to the end (s. 2aα above) and to the uttermost (cp. Appian, Mithrid. 58 §239 ἡμῶν ἀμυναμένων ἤδη καὶ ἀμυνουμένων ἐς τέλος=we have defended ourselves up to now and will defend ourselves ἐς τέλος). εἰς τὰ ἄμετρα 2 Cor 10:13, 15 (cp. PVat A 12=Witkowski 36, 12 [168 B.C.] εἰς τὰ ἔσχατα). εἰς περισσείαν 10:15. εἰς ὑπερβολήν (Eur., Hipp. 939; Aeschin., F. Leg. 4) 4:17. εἰς τὸ παντελές (q.v. 2) Lk 13:11; Hb 7:25 (Tat. 6, 1).④ marker of goals involving affective/abstract/suitability aspects, into, toⓐ of entry into a state of being w. verbs of going, coming, leading, etc., used in a fig. sense: ἀπέρχεσθαι εἰς κόλασιν αἰώνιον Mt 25:46 (cp. Sir 41:10). εἰσφέρειν εἰς πειρασμόν 6:13. πορεύεσθαι εἰς θάνατον Lk 22:33. ὑπάγειν εἰς ἀπώλειαν Rv 17:8, 11. βάλλειν εἰς θλῖψιν 2:22. παραδιδόναι εἰς θλῖψιν Mt 24:9; cp. 2 Cor 4:11; Lk 24:20. συγκλείειν εἰς ἀπείθειαν Ro 11:32. ἐμπίπτειν εἰς κρίμα 1 Ti 3:6f; cp. 6:9 (and Ath. 24, 5 εἰς ἐπιθυμίαν πεσόντες παρθένων). ἄγειν εἰς μετάνοιαν Ro 2:4; cp. Hb 2:10 εἰς δόξαν. (Just., A I, 10, 4 εἰς πίστιν; 42, 11 εἰς ἐπίστασιν καὶ ἀνάμνησιν.) αἰχμαλωτίζειν εἰς ὑπακοήν 2 Cor 10:5. ἀνακαινίζειν εἰς μετάνοιαν Hb 6:6; cp. 2:10. Sim. ἀπάγω, ἀποβαίνω, εἰσέρχομαι, εἰσφέρω, ἐκβάλλω, ἐλευθερόω, ἐπιστρέφω, κατευθύνω, μεταβαίνω, ὁδηγέω et al.; s. these entries.ⓑ of change from one state to another w. verbs of changing: στρέφειν (Esth 4:17h; 1 Macc 1:39), μεταστρέφειν (Sir 11:31; 1 Macc 9:41; 3 Macc 6:22) τι εἴς τι Rv 11:6; Ac 2:20 (Jo 3:4); Js 4:9. μεταλλάσσειν Ro 1:26. μετασχηματίζεσθαι (q.v. 2) 2 Cor 11:13f; μετατίθεσθαι εἰς turn away to Gal 1:6.ⓒ of actions or feelings directed in someone’s direction in hostile or friendly sense (Thu. 1, 38; 66; 130; X., Cyr. 1, 3, 5; Paus. 7, 9, 3; 7, 10, 2; Aelian, VH 11, 10).α. in a hostile sense (Arrian, Anab. 1, 1, 4; PEleph 1, 9 [311/310 B.C.] κακοτεχνεῖν εἰς Δημητρίαν; UPZ 170b, 47 [127 B.C.]): ἁμαρτάνειν εἴς τινα (Herodian 7, 9, 11; EpJer 12; Jdth 5:20; 11:10) sin against someone Lk 15:18, 21. βλασφημεῖν εἴς τινα (Bel 8 Theod.; Just., D. 122, 2) defame someone Mk 3:29; Lk 12:10; 22:65; θαρρεῖν εἴς τινα 2 Cor 10:1. ψεύδεσθαι εἴς τινα (Sus 55; 59 Theod.) Col 3:9. Also w. nouns and adj. (Paus. 7, 8, 4; PFay 12, 7 [c. 103 B.C.] ἀδικήματα εἴς με; En 97:7 μνημόσυνον εἰς ὑμᾶς κακόν) Ac 6:11; 23:30; Ro 8:7.β. in a friendly sense: μακροθυμεῖν 2 Pt 3:9. τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖν Ro 12:16. So also πιστεύειν εἴς τινα trust or believe in someone Mt 18:6; Mk 9:42 and oft. (s. πιστεύω 1aε). Also w. nouns (OGI 49, 10 [III B.C.] φιλοτιμία εἰς; 51, 4; UPZ 22, 18 [162 B.C.]; 39, 5 εἰς τὸ θεῖον εὐσέβεια; 2 Macc 9:26 εὔνοια; Tat. 16:2 τῆς εἰς αὐτοὺς [δαίμονας] θρησκείας) ἀγάπη Ro 5:8; 2 Cor 2:4, 8; Col 1:4; 1 Th 3:12. ἐλπίς (2 Macc 9:20; Synes., Ep. 104 p. 264a εἰς τὸν κομήτην ἐ.) Ac 24:15. κοινωνία Phil 1:5 (Tat. 18, 2); πεποίθησις 2 Cor 8:22. δύναμις Eph 1:19. πίστις (Jos., Ant. 16, 48; 18, 334) Ac 20:21; 24:24; 26:18; Col 2:5; and adj. φιλόξενος 1 Pt 4:9; χρηστός Eph 4:32. διακονία Ro 15:31 (cp. the v.l. Ac 12:25 and s. JDupont, NovT 1, ’56, 275–303); 2 Cor 8:4. The context of 1 Pt 1:11 suggests consolation of Christians for the sufferings they endure in a hostile environment, hence REB: sufferings in Christ’s cause; for εἰς Χρ. construed genitivally (UPZ 180a II, 2 [113 B.C.] χωρὶς τοῦ εἰς αὐτὴν οἴκου; PTebt 16:9f contains a restoration of εἰς) s. NRSV ‘sufferings destined for Christ’ (for a parallel expr. in a hostile sense cp. Polyb. 1, 7, 12 τῆς εἰς ἐκείνους τιμωρίας; 1, 69, 7; 38, 1 [4], 13; s. [s.v. ἀνά beg.] Kuhring 13; Rudberg 201).ⓓ w. the vocation, use, or end indicated for, as: αἱρέομαι εἴς τι 2 Th 2:13. ἀφορίζω Ro 1:1; Ac 13:2. προγράφω Ro 15:4; Jd 4. ἀποστέλλω Hb 1:14. πέμπω Phil 4:16; 1 Th 3:2, 5. ποιῶ τι εἰς 1 Cor 10:31; 11:24. S. also under κεῖμαι, προορίζω, τάσσω, τίθημι.—εἰμὶ εἴς τι serve as someth. (s. εἰμί 6; also ins 134, 33ff fr. the Delphinion at Miletus [I A.D.] 1914; s. Dssm., LO 97, 1 [LAE 123]; Ar. 5, 1 ὕδωρ … εἰς χρῆσιν τῶν ἀνθρώπων γέγονε) 1 Cor 14:22; for destruction Col 2:22; as a testimony Js 5:3. Used w. a noun σκεῦος εἰς τιμήν, ἀτιμίαν a vessel meant for honorable, dishonorable use Ro 9:21; cp. vs. 22f; 2 Ti 2:20f; φύλλα τοῦ ξύλου εἰς θεραπείαν Rv 22:2. φῶς εἰς ἀποκάλυψιν a light serving as a revelation Lk 2:32. θεράπων εἰς μαρτύριον τῶν λαληθησομένων a servant to bear witness to what would be said Hb 3:5. (Cp. Just., A I, 66, 1 τὸ … εἰς ἀναγέννησιν λουτρόν). W. acc. of pers. (Just., A II, 12, 4 συκοφαντίᾳ τῇ εἰς ἡμᾶς; Tat. 17, 3 τὴν εἰς τοὺς μεμηνότας βοήθειαν) ἡ εἰς ὑμᾶς χάρις the grace meant for you 1 Pt 1:10. διδόναι εἴς τι pay out for someth., money for a field Mt 27:10.ⓔ w. the result of an action or condition indicated into, to, so that: αὐξάνειν εἰς ναόν grow into a temple Eph 2:21. πληροῦσθαι εἴς τι 3:19. λυπηθῆναι εἰς μετάνοιαν be grieved so that repentance takes place 2 Cor 7:9. Of prayer ἀναβαίνειν εἰς μνημόσυνον Ac 10:4. ὁμολογεῖν εἰς σωτηρίαν confess to salvation = so as to receive salvation Ro 10:10; cp. 1:16; 1 Pt 2:2; εἰς ἔπαινον κτλ. to praise etc. 1 Pt 1:7; εἰς βοήθειαν (1 Ch 12:17; Jdth 6:21; JosAs 23:4) Hb 4:16; cp. 10:39; Rv 13:3; Ro 6:16; 8:15; 13:4, 14; 1 Cor 11:34; 2 Cor 2:16 al.; εἰς κενόν (s. κενός 3) 2 Cor 6:1; Gal 2:2; Phil 2:16; 1 Th 3:5. σχίζειν εἰς δύο tear in two Mt 27:51; Mk 15:38. Cp. GPt 5:20 (cp. Polyb. 2, 16, 11; Lucian, Symp. 44, Tox. 54; 1 Km 15:29; Tob 5:3 S; 1 Macc 9:11; Ath. 18, 3 ᾠὸν … εἰς δύο ἐρράγη). W. subst. inf. foll. so that Ro 1:20; 3:26; 4:18; 6:12; 7:4; 1 Th 3:13; 2 Th 2:10f; Hb 11:3 al.ⓕ to denote purpose in order to, to (Appian, Liby. 101 §476 ἐς ἔκπληξιν=in order to frighten; Just., A I, 21, 4 εἰς προτροπήν ‘to spur on’) εἰς ἄγραν in order to catch someth. Lk 5:4. εἰς ἀπάντησιν, συνάντησιν, ὑπάντησίν τινι (s. these 3 entries) to meet someone, toward someone Mt 8:34; 25:1; J 12:13. εἰς μαρτύριον αὐτοῖς as a witness, i.e. proof, to them Mt 8:4; 10:18; 24:14 al. εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν for forgiveness of sins, so that sins might be forgiven Mt 26:28; cp. Mk 1:4; Lk 3:3; Ac 2:38. εἰς μνημόσυνόν τινος in memory of someone Mt 26:13; Mk 14:9; cp. Lk 22:19 al. (εἰς μνημόσυνον En 99:3). εἰς ὅ for which purpose (Hdt. 2, 103, 1) Col 1:29; otherw. 2 Th 1:11 with this in view; εἰς τί; why? (Wsd 4:17; Sir 39:16, 21) Mt 14:31; Mk 14:4; 15:34; Hm 2:5; D 1:5. εἰς τοῦτο for this reason or purpose Mk 1:38; Lk 4:43 v.l.; J 18:37; Ac 9:21; 26:16; Ro 9:17; 14:9; 2 Cor 2:9; 1J 3:8; Hs 1:9 (Just., A I, 13, 3). εἰς αὐτὸ τοῦτο for this very reason 2 Cor 5:5; Eph 6:22; Col 4:8. W. subst. inf. foll. (X., Ages. 9, 3, Mem. 3, 6, 2; Just., A I, 9, 5) in order to (oft. LXX; neg. μή in order not to; s. B-D-F §402, 2) Mt 20:19; 26:2; 27:31; Mk 14:55 and oft.—εἰς ὁδόν for the journey 6:8.ⓖ As in Mod. Gk., it is used for the dat., esp. the dat. of advantage, but also= for in general (X., An. 3, 3, 19 τ. ἵππους εἰς ἱππέας κατασκευάσωμεν; Lycurg. 85 διεκαρτέρουν εἰς τ. πατρίδα; UPZ 180a I, 7 [113 B.C.] τὸν εἰς Τάγην οἶκον ᾠκοδομημένον; BGU 37, 4f [51 A.D.] ξύλα εἰς τοὺς ἐλαιῶνάς μου wood for my olive orchards; PLond I, 43, 9 p. 48 [II B.C.]; PTebt 5, 77; POxy 37 I, 9; EpJer 9; Sir 37:7, cp. vs. 8; Jdth 14:2; Bel 3 Theod., vs. 22 LXX) εἰς πάντα τ. λαόν Lk 9:13; cp. 3J 5. εἰς ἡμᾶς Eph 1:19; cp. Col 1:25; 1 Th 4:10; Ro 10:12. χρείαν ἔχειν εἰς τ. ἑορτήν J 13:29; cp. Mk 8:19f; Gal 2:8; 1 Th 2:9; 5:15 et al.—εἰς is commonly used in speaking of the person for whom a payment etc. is made (Dssm., B 113–15; NB 23 [BS 117f; 194f]) 1 Cor 16:1; 2 Cor 8:4; 9:1, 13; Ro 15:26; Ac 24:17. εἰς λόγον τινός in an account for someth. (POxy 275, 19; 21 [66 A.D.]; 496, 10; 530, 15) Phil 4:15; cp. vs. 17. εἰς Χριστόν Phlm 6 prob. in honor of Christ (Tetrast. Iamb. 1, 7, 4 p. 266 εἰς θεούς; Pla., Lysis 205d ᾂδεις εἰς σαυτὸν ἐγκώμιον; Ps.-Pla., Minos 319c; Athen. 15, 667c; Synes., Ep. 75 p. 222b).⑤ marker of a specific point of reference, for, to, with respect to, with reference to (Arrian, Anab. 6, 26, 3 τοῦτο τὸ ἔργον εἰς καρτερίαν ἐπαινῶ Ἀλεξάνδρου=I praise this deed with regard to Alexander’s endurance; Ath. 31, 1 οὐδὲν χείρους εἰς ἀρετῆς λόγον ‘none the worse in respect to excellence’) εὔθετος εἴς τι fit, suitable for someth. Lk 14:35; also εὔχρηστος 2 Ti 4:11. ἡτοιμασμένος ready for 2:21. εὐκαιρέω εἴς τι Ac 17:21. ἱκανόω Col 1:12. ἰσχύω Mt 5:13. περισσεύω 2 Cor 9:8. συνεργέω Ro 8:28. τοῦτο οὐκ εἰς ταύτας τ. ἡμέρας λέγω I say this not with reference to these days Hs 9, 26, 6.—After the verbs ἀπορέομαι, διακρίνομαι, καυχάομαι, παρρησίαν ἔχω, s. these entries. After the adj. ἄκαρπος, ἀκέραιος, βραδύς, σοφός, συνεργός, ὑπήκοος, φρόνιμος, s. these entries. W. acc. of pers. ἀσθενεῖν εἴς τινα be weak toward someone 2 Cor 13:3. εὐδοκεῖν 2 Pt 1:17. λέγειν εἴς τινα say w. reference to someone (Diod S 11, 50, 4; Just., D. 77, 1 εἰς Χριστὸν … εἰρῆσθαι) Ac 2:25.—On Ro 6:17 s. παραδίδωμι 1b end. δέχομαί τινα εἰς ὄνομά τινος Mt 10:41f; s. ὄνομα 1dγא.⑥ marker of a guarantee, by ὀμνύναι εἴς τι swear by someth. Mt 5:35 (cp. PGiss 66, 8f [early II A.D.] ἐρωτῶ εἰς τὴν τ. θεῶν εὐσέβειαν; but the sole use of εἰς in a series of datives w. ἐν may reflect bilingualism; for prob. Hb. perspective, s. M’Neile, comm. ad loc).⑦ distributive marker: w. numbers εἰς is distributive ‘-fold’ (cp. ἐστρίς ‘until three times’ Pind., O. 2, 68; GDI IV p. 884, n62, 36 [IV B.C.]) Mk 4:8 v.l. (otherw. ἐς τετρακοσίους, ἐς ὀγδοήκοντα about 400, about 80: Arrian, Anab. 5, 15, 2; 6, 2, 4; 7, 20, 3).⑧ The predicate nom. and the predicate acc. are somet. replaced by εἰς w. acc. under Semitic influence, which has strengthened Gk. tendencies in the same direction:ⓐ predicate nom.α. w. γίνεσθαι (PFay 119, 34 [100 A.D.] ἵνα μὴ εἰς ψωμίον γένηται; Wsd 14:11; 1 Macc 1:36; 10:70; Jdth 5:10, 18 al.) Mt 21:42 (Ps 117:22). ἐγένετο εἰς δένδρον Lk 13:19; cp. J 16:20; Ac 5:36; Rv 8:11; 16:19.β. w. εἶναι (Bar 2:23; Jdth 5:21, 24; Sir 31:10 et al.) Mt 19:5 (Gen 2:24); Lk 3:5 (Is 40:4); 2 Cor 6:18; Hb 1:5; 8:10 (in the last 3 pass. OT expressions are also reproduced). Not fr. the OT: 1J 5:8.γ. λογίζεσθαι εἰς (Wsd 2:16; 1 Macc 2:52) Ro 4:3 (Gen 15:6); cp. 2:26; 9:8. λ. εἰς οὐθέν (Is 40:17; Wsd 3:17; cp. 9:6) Ac 19:27.ⓑ predicate acc. (Heliod. 6, 14, 1 τ. πήραν εἰς καθέδραν ποιησαμένη=she used the knapsack as a seat; Vett. Val. 59, 7; 1 Macc 10:54; 11:62; Jdth 5:11 al.; JosAs 13:12 παράθου με αὐτῷ εἰς παιδίσκην) ἐγείρειν τινὰ εἰς βασιλέα Ac 13:22 (cp. 1 Km 13:14). ἀνατρέφεσθαί τινα εἰς υἱόν 7:21 (cp. Ex 2:10). τέθεικά σε εἰς φῶς ἐθνῶν 13:47 (cp. Is 49:6). Cp. Mt 21:46; 1 Cl 42:4.—B-D-F §145; 157, 5; Rdm.2 20f; Mlt. 71f; Mlt-H. 462. Johannessohn, Kasus 4f.⑨ marker of instrumentality, by, with (Arrian, Anab. 5, 12, 3 ἐς ἀκρίβειαν=with care; Vi. Aesopi I G 7 P. νικᾶν εἰς εὐσέβειαν πάντα ψόγον=overcome all censure with piety) εἰς διαταγὰς ἀγγέλων Ac 7:53 (=ἐν διαταγαῖς, B-D-F §206, 1). Sim. ὕπαγε εἰς εἰρήνην (1 Km 1:17) Mk 5:34; Lk 7:50; 8:48 (=ἐν εἰρήνῃ). Mlt-Turner 254f.⑩ Other uses of εἰςⓐ at, in the face of μετανοεῖν εἰς τὸ κήρυγμα repent at the proclamation Mt 12:41; Lk 11:32; cp. Ro 4:20 and perh. Mt 3:11. JMantey, JBL 70, ’51, 45–48, 309–11 argues for a causal use here because of the proclam., with reff.; against him RMarcus, ibid. 129f; 71, ’52, 43f; JDavis, Restoration Qtrly 24, ’81, 80–88.ⓑ for βαπτίζω εἰς s. βαπτίζω 2c.ⓒ μένειν εἰς remain with (PFay 111, 12 [95/96 A.D.]) so perh. J 6:27.ⓓ in pregnant constructions: σῴζειν εἰς bring safely into 2 Ti 4:18 (cp. X., An. 6, 4, 8; Diod S 2, 48; Cebes 27; SIG 521, 26 [III B.C.], OGI 56, 11; 4 Macc 15:3). διασῴζειν 1 Pt 3:20 (cp. Gen 19:19). μισθοῦσθαι ἐργάτας εἰς τ. ἀμπελῶνα to go into the vineyard Mt 20:1. ἐλευθεροῦσθαι εἰς be freed and come to Ro 8:21. ἀποδιδόναι τινὰ εἰς Αἴγυπτον Ac 7:9 (cp. Gen 37:28). ἔνοχος εἰς τ. γέενναν Mt 5:22; cp. 10:9; Mk 6:8; J 20:7.—DELG. M-M. TW. -
12 μαρτυρίω
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13 μαρτυρίῳ
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14 μαρτυρίωι
μαρτυρίῳ, μαρτύριονtestimony: neut dat sg -
15 ÓÐR
I)(óð, ótt), a.1) mad, frantic; óðr maðr, madman;2) furious, vehement, eager (váru þeir synir Ósvífrs óðastir á þetta mál); e-m er ótt, one is eager, impatient (hann kallaði sér þó ótt um ferðina); ótt, as adv. vehemently (þeir reiddu ótt sverðin ok hjuggu títt); Flosi fór at engu óðara en hann væri heima, Flosi behaved as calmly as if he were at home.m.1) mind, feeling;2) song, poetry; óðar smiðr, poet.* * *1.adj., óð, ótt, [Ulf. wôds = δαιμονιζόμενος; A. S. wod; Engl. wood, Chaucer, Spenser; Scot. wud; Germ. wüthend]:—mad, frantic; nú verðr maðr svá óðr, at hann brýzt ór böndum, N. G. L. ii. 54 (band-óðr, mad so as to be kept in bonds); hestrinn var óðr ok kornfeitr, Fms. xi. 280; óðr maðr, a madman, Grág. i. 155; óðs manns víg, óðs manns verk, N. G. L. i. 64; óðr hundr, a mad dog, Pr. 473.2. frantic, furious, vehement, eager; ólmr ok óðr, Fms. iv. 111; hann görðisk svá óðr at hann kastaði skildinum, Eg. 289; görði hann sik óðan um, Fs. 6l; göra sik óðan ok reidan, Fb. i. 559; svá vórn þeir óðir, Fms. vii. 270: hvárt þeir leggja því betr fram en ek, sem þeir eru óðari, 259; vóru þeir óðastir á þetta mál, Ld. 210; hann var óðr at verki sínu, Nj. 58; hann lét sem hann væri óðr ok ærr at íshögginu, Fms. vi. 337: of a thing, violent, óðr útsynningr, a violent gale, Bs. ii. 50; orrosta óð ok mannskæð, Fms. i. 44; bardagi sem óðastr, vii. 265, Nj. 247; óðr byrr, Hm. 89; ótt veðr, Am. 18.II. neut., ótt e-m er ótt um e-t, to be impatient; var þeim Þorgilsi ótt til at flytja líkit í brott, Fms. v. 98; hann kallaði sér þó ótt um ferðina, vi. 375; Flosi fór at engu óðara en hann væri heima, not more rashly than if, as calmly as if, he were at home, Nj. 220; vér skulum fara at engu ótt, not hastily, Háv. 48; fékk konungr sótt ok fór ekki mjök ótt í fyrstu, Fms. ix. 249.2. adverb, phrase, ótt ok títt, vehemently and rapidly; þeir reiddu ótt sverðin ok hjuggu títt, Fms. ii. 322; drjúpa mjök ótt, vi. 351: acc. óðan, as adv., bera óðan á, to talk fast and vehemently.2.m., gen. óðs and óðar, [totally different from the preceding word, but akin to Ulf. wods in weit-’wods’ = μαρτύς, weit-wodan = μαρτυρειν, weit-wodiþa, weit-wodei = μαρτύριον; cp. also Icel. æði = sense, wit, manner, answering to the Goth. weit-wodei]:—mind, wit, soul, sense, Lat. mens, Gr. νους; the old Vsp. distinguishes between three parts of the human soul,—önd, óðr, and læ, spirit, mind, and craft (?); the önd was breathed into man by Odin, the óðr by Hænir, the læ by Löðurr; the faculty of speech seems also to be included in the óðr. The tale in Plato’s Protagoras is an interesting illustration of the Northern legend as briefly told (and only there) in Vsp. 17, 18: tryggva óð, hafa góðan óð, to be of good cheer, Nj. (in a verse).2. song, poetry; bragr, hróðr, óðr, mærð, lof, Edda 95:—metre, sá er óðinn skal vandan velja, Lil. 98; óðar-smiðr, a ‘song-smith’ = poet, Eg. (in a verse); óðar-ár, ‘speech-oar,’ Geisli 37; and óðar-lokarr, ‘speech-plane,’ i. e. the tongue, Edda (in a verse); óðar-rann, mind’s abode, Likn. 1. óð-borg, f, ‘mind’s-borough’ = the breast, Harms, 1. óð-gerð, f. versification, Geisli.II. Óðr, the husband of Freyja, Vsp. 29; in the tale in Edda of Freyja, she wanders over the earth seeking for her lost husband and weeping for him golden tears, (answering to the Gr. tales of Demeter as told in the Homeric hymn.) -
16 VÁTTR
(-s, -ar), m. witness (hafa vátta við, nefna vátta).* * *m., mod. vottr, pl. vættir, D. N. i. 7; [cp. vitni; the etymology of this word is not altogether established, but it is highly probable that it, like vitni (q. v.). is derived from vita and is related to Goth. weit-wodei = μαρτύριον; if so, á would stand for Goth. ei, and the ‘-orð’ in váttorð would not be qs. ‘word,’ but would answer to the Goth. ‘wodei,’ with an inserted r]:—a witness; hafa vátta við, Nj. 3; lét hann ganga fram vitni sín ok vátta, Fms. vii. 141; njóta vátta sinna, N. G. L. i. 55, passim: eccl., Guðs-váttr, God’s witness, a martyr, saint, Blas. 43; Krists váttr, 49; píslar-váttr (q. v.), id.COMPDS: váttanefna, váttasaga. -
17 vit-orð
n. [cp. Ulf. weit-wods = μάρτυς, weit-wodiþa and weit-wodei = μαρτύριον, weit-wodian = μαρτυρειν; thus Icel. vitorð would be qs. vitoð]:—private counsel, confidence; vera á fleiri manna vitorði, in the confidence of more men, Nj. 231; var þetta fyrst á fárra manna vitorði (viti, v. l.), 229; ekki var margra manna vitorð á hans ætterni, Fms. x. 391; ekki var þat í vitorði alþýðu, vi. 134; af nökkuru vitorði, Róm. 286; þat var á margra manna vitorði með hverjum skildaga …, Ó. H. 95; vera í ráðum ok vitorðum með e-m um verk, Eg. 139; nema hann kalli þik til vitorðs með sér, unless he takes thee into his counsel, Sks. 361 B; fyrir útan vitorð e-s, without one’s knowledge, 745: allit., fyrir útan vitorð eðr vilja þess er átti, Grág. ii. 348; fékk hann ekki skírt sik frá vitorðinu, he could not clear himself from the charge of cognisance, Róm. 287: in mod. usage, vera í vitorði með e-m, as a law term mostly in a bad sense.2. a report; tók at vaxa vitorð of hann ok svá metorð ok yfirlæti, Fms. x. 391. vitorðs-maðr, m. a person cognisant (Dan. medvider), D. N. v. 61. -
18 γάρ
I introducing the reason or cause of what precedes, for,τῷ γὰρ ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θῆκε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη· κήδετο γ. Δαναῶν Il.1.56
, etc.; but freq. in expl. of that wh. is implied in the preceding clause,πολλάων πολίων κατέλυσε κάρηνα.. τοῦ γὰρ κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον 2.118
, etc.: hence,b in simple explanations, esp. after a Pronoun or demonstr. Adj.,ἀλλὰ τόδ' αἰνὸν ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἱκάνει· Ἕκτωρ γ. ποτε φήσει 8.148
, cf. Od.2.163; ὃ δὲ δεινότατον.. ὁ Ζεὺς γ. .. Ar.Av. 514;ὃ δὲ πάντων ἀδικώτατον ἔδοξε· τῶν γὰρ προγε γραμμένων ἠτίμωσε καὶ υἱούς Plu.Sull.31
; freq. in introducing proofs or examples, μαρτύριον δέ· Δήλου γ. καθαιρομένης .. Th.1.8; τεκμήριον δέ· οὔτε γ. Λακεδαιμόνιοι .. Id.2.39, cf. D.20.10, etc.; in full, τεκμήριον δὲ τούτου τόδε· αἱ μὲν γ. .. Hdt.2.58; παράδειγμα τόδε τοῦ λόγου· ἐκ γ. .. Th.1.2; δηλοῖ δέ μοι τόδε· πρὸ γ. .. ib.3.c to introduce a detailed description or narration already alluded to, ὅμως δὲ λεκτέα ἃ γιγνώσκω· ἔχει γ. [ἡ χώρα] πεδία κάλλιστα .. X.An.5.6.6, etc.d in answers to questions or statements challenging assent or denial, yes,.., no,.., οὔκουν.. ἀνάγκη ἐστί;—ἀνάγκη γ. οὖν, ἔφη, ay doubtless it is necessary, X.Cyr.2.1.7, cf. § 4 and 13; indicating assent,ἔχει γ. Pl.Phdr. 268a
; ἱκανὸς γ., ἔφη, συμβαίνει γ., ἔφη, Id.R. 502b, 502c,cf. Ap. 41a, etc.; οὔκουν δὴ τό γ' εἰκός.—οὐ γ.: Id.Phdr. 276c.2 by inversion, preceding the fact explained, since, as,Ἀτρεΐδη, πολλοὶ γ. τεθνᾶσιν Ἀχαιοί.. τῷ σε χρὴ πόλεμον παῦσαι Il.7.328
; χρόνου δὲ οὐ πολλοῦ διελθόντος ([etym.] χρῆν γ. Κανδαύλῃ γενέσθαι κακῶς) ἔλεγε πρὸς τὸν Γύγην τοιάδε, Γύγη, οὐ γ. σε δοκέω πείθεσθαι.. ([etym.] ὦτα γ. τυγχάνει κτλ.) , ποίει ὅκως .. Hdt.1.8. cf. 6.102, al.; εἶεν, σὺ γ. τούτων ἐπιστήμων, τί χρὴ ποιεῖν; Pl.Phd. 117a; the principal proposition is sts.b blended with the causal one, τῇ δὲ κακῶς γ. ἔδεε γενέσθαι εἶπε, i.e. ἡ δέ ([etym.] κακῶς γ. οἱ ἔδεε γενέσθαι)εἶπε Hdt. 9.109
, cf. 1.24, 4.149, 200, Th.1.72, 8.30.c attached to the hypothet. Particle instead of being joined to the apodosis, οὐδ' εἰ γ. ἦν τὸ πρᾶγμα μὴ θεήλατον, ἀκάθαρτον ὑμᾶς εἰκὸς ἦν οὕτως ἐᾶν, i.e. οὐδὲ γ. εἰ ἦν .., S.OT 255.3 in elliptical phrases, where that of which γάρ gives the reason is omitted, and must be supplied,a freq. in Trag. dialogue and Pl., when yes or no may be supplied from the context, καὶ δῆτ' ἐτόλμας τούσδ' ὑπερβαίνειν νόμους;—οὐ γ. τί μοι Ζεὺς ἦν ὁ κηρύξας τάδε [yes], for it was not Zeus, etc., S.Ant. 450, cf. OT 102, etc.;καλῶς γὰρ αὐτὸς ἠγάνισαι Pl. Smp. 194a
; freq. in phrase ἔστι γ. οὕτω [yes], for so it is, i. e. yes certainly: λέγεταί τι καινόν; γένοιτο γ. ἄν τι καινότερον ἢ .. ; [why,] could there be.. ? D.4.10; with negs., Ar.Ra. 262 τούτῳ γ. οὐ νικήσετε [do so], yet shall ye never prevail by this means: for ἀλλὰ γ., v. infr.11.1.b to confirm or strengthen something said, οἵδ' οὐκέτ' εἰσί· τοῦτο γάρ σε δήξεται [I say this], for it will sting thee, E. Med. 1370: after an Exclamation,ὦ πόποι· ἀνάριθμα γ. φέρω πήματα S.OT 168
(lyr.), cf. E.Hel. 857.c in conditional propositions, where the condition is omitted, else, οὐ γ. ἄν με ἔπεμπον πάλιν (sc. εἰ μὴ ἐπίστευον) X.An.7.6.33; γίνεται γ. ἡ κοινωνία συμμαχία for in that case, Arist.Pol. 1280b8.4 in abrupt questions, why, what, τίς γ. σε θεῶν ἐμοὶ ἄγγελον ἧκεν; why who hath sent thee? Il.18.182; πῶς γ. νῦν.. εὕδουσι; 10.424; πατροκτονοῦσα γ. ξυνοικήσεις ἐμοί; what, wilt thou.. ? A.Ch. 909: generally, after interrog. Particles, ἦ γ. .. ; what, was it.. ? S.OT 1000, 1039, etc.; τί γ.; quid enim? i. e. it must be so, Id.OC 539, 542, 547, etc.; τί γ. δή ποτε; D.21.44; also πῶς γ.; πῶς γ. οὔ;, v. πῶς.5 to strengthen a wish, c. opt., κακῶς γ. ἐξόλοιο O that you might perish ! E.Cyc. 261; cf. αἴ, εἰ, εἴθε, πῶς.II joined with other Particles:1 ἀλλὰ γ. where γάρ gives the reason of a clause to be supplied between ἀλλά and itself, as ἀλλ' ἐν γὰρ Τρώων πεδίῳ .. but [far otherwise], for.., Il.15.739; ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἥκουσ' αἵδ' ἐπὶ πρᾶγος πικρόν but [hush], for.., A.Th. 861; ἀλλ' οὐ γ. σ' ἐθέλω .. but [look out] for.., Il.7.242; in full,ἀλλ' οὐ γάρ σφιν ἐφαίνετο κέρδιον εἶναι μαίεσθαι προτ έρω, τοὶ μὲν πάλιν αὖτις ἔβαινον Od.14.355
;ἀλλ', οὐ γ. ἔπειθε, διδοῖ τὸ φᾶρος Hdt.9.109
.3 γ. δή for of course, for you know, Il.2.301,23.607, Hdt.1.34, 114, etc.; φάμεν γ. δή yes certainly we say so, Pl.Tht. 187e, cf. 164d;οὐ γ. δή S.Ant.46
, etc.4γ. νυ Od.14.359
.5 γ. οὖν for indeed, to confirm or explain, Il.15.232, Hdt.5.34, S.Ant. 489, 771, etc.; φησὶ γ. οὖν yes of course he says so, Pl.Tht. 170a;γ. οὖν δή Id.Prm. 148c
, etc.; οὐ γ. οὖν ib. 134b; cf. τοιγαροῦν.7 γ. ῥα, = γὰρ ἄρα, Il.1.113, al.8 γ. τε, 23.156; alsoτε γ. D.19.159
, Arist.Pol. 1333a2, al.B POSITION: γάρ prop. stands after the first word in a clause, but in Pocts it freq. stands third or fourth, when the preceding words are closely connected, as ὁ μὲν γὰρ .. S.Aj. 764; χἠ ναῦς γὰρ .. Id.Ph. 527; τό τ' εἰκαθεῖν γὰρ .. Id.Ant. 1096; τὸ μὴ θέμις γὰρ .. A.Ch. 641, cf. 753: also in Prose, τὸ κατ' ἀξίαν γὰρ .. Arist. EN 1163b11: sts. for metrical reasons, where there is no such connexion, as third (A.Ag.222.729, S.Ph. 219 (all lyr.)), fourth (Ar.Av. 1545); in later Com. fifth (Men.462.2); sixth (Antiph.26.22); seventh (Men.Epit. 531, Pk. 170, Athenio 1.5); once sixth in S., .C QUANTITY: γάρ is sts. long in Hom. metri gr.,θήσειν γὰρ ἔτ' ἔμελλεν Il.2.39
;φωνῆς γὰρ ἤκουσα h.Cer.57
.—In [dialect] Att. always short: Ar.Eq. 366, V. 217, Lys.20 are corrupt. -
19 εἷς
εἷς, μίᾰ, ἕν ( μίη only in late [dialect] Ion. Prose): gen. ἑνός, μιᾶς, ἑνός:—[dialect] Ep. [full] ἕεις Hes.Th. 145, AP7.341 (Procl.), cj.in Il.5.603:—[dialect] Dor. [full] ἧς Rhinth. 12, Tab.Heracl.1.136:—[dialect] Ep., [dialect] Aeol., and [dialect] Ion. fem.Aἴᾰ Il.13.354
, prob. in Hp.Morb.4.37; acc.ἴαν Alc.33.6
(prob.), Sapph.69.1 (cf. μηδεΐα), Corinn.Supp.2.56, IG9(2).517.22(Thess.); gen.ἰῆς Il.16.173
,24.496; dat.ἰῇ 9.319
, 11.174, etc.: neut. dat. ([etym.] ἰῷ κίον ἤματι) 6.422. (In Com. οὐδὲ (μηδὲ) εἷς, οὐδὲ (μηδὲ) ἕν, occur, mostly at the end of an iambic trimeter, without elision, Cratin.302,Ar.Ra. 927, Pl.37, 138,al.) (Orig. [full] ἕνς, assim. ἔν ([etym.] δ) prob. in Leg.Gort.9.50, from Εμς, I.-Eur. sem-(cf. ὁμός); μία from sm-ία; ἴα is not related to μία, but prob. to pronom. stem i-(Lat.is), cf.ἰός.)1 as a Numeral, εἷς κοίρανος ἔστω Il.2.204, etc.; strengthd., εἷς οἶος, μία οἴη, a singleA one, one alone, 4.397, Od.7.65;μία μούνη 23.227
;εἷς μοῦνος Hdt.1.119
, Ar.Pl. 1053, etc.;εἷς καὶ μόνος D.H.1.74
; , E.Ph. 894, etc.; opp.πολύς, μία τὰς πολλὰς ψυχὰς ὀλέσασα A.Ag. 1456
, cf. 1465, Ch. 299, etc.b emphatically with a [comp] Sup.,εἷς οἰωνὸς ἄριστος Il.12.243
, etc.: freq. in Trag.,εἷς ἀνὴρ πλεῖστον..πόνον παρασχών A.Pers. 327
;πλείστας ἀνὴρ εἷς.. ἔγημε S.Tr. 460
;κάλλιστ' ἀνὴρ εἷς Id.OT 1380
;ἕνακριθέντ' ἄριστον Id.Ph. 1344
; also in Prose,ἐπὶ πλεῖστον δὴ χλιδῆς εἷς ἀνὴρ ἀπίκετο Hdt.6.127
, cf. Th.8.68; ; : without a [comp] Sup., .c in oppos., made emphatic by the Art., ὁ εἷς, ἡ μία, Il.20.272, Od.20.110, Pl.Cri. 48a;τοῦ ἑνὸς οἱ δύο ἀγαθοὶ βελτίους Arist.Pol. 1287b13
, cf. Theoc.6.22.d with a neg., εἷς οὐδείς no single man, Hdt.1.32;ἓν οὐδὲ ἓν ἴαμα Th.2.51
; οὐκ ἐν ἄλλῳ ἑνί γε χωρίῳ in no other single country, Id.1.80; οὐχ εἷς, i.e. more than one, A.Th. 103, E.Andr.96; εἷς οὐ.., εἷς μή.., emphatic for οὐδείς, μηδείς, Ar.Th. 549, X.An.5.6.12; more emphatic, οὐδὲ εἷς, μηδὲ εἷς, v. οὐδείς, μηδείς.e εἷς ἕκαστος each one, each by himself, Hdt. 1.123, Pl.Prt. 332c, etc.; αἴσθησις μία ἑνός (sc. γένους) one of each, Arist.Metaph. 1003b19: pl.,ἑκάτεροι ἕνες POxy.276.8
(i A.D.).f with κατά, καθ' ἓν ἕκαστον each singly, piece by piece, Hdt.1.9, etc.; καθ' ἕν one by one, Pl.Sph. 217a, etc.; καθ' ἕν, τό, list, PEleph.20.7 (iii B.C.), etc.; καθ' ἕν' ἡμῶν ἕκαστον ἀποστερεῖν to deprive each of us singly, D.21.142, cf. Men.Epit. 164, 186; εἷς κατὰ εἷς one by one, Ev.Marc.14.19; but καθ' ἓν γίγνεσθαι, εἶναι, to be united, Th.8.46, X. HG5.2.16.g with other Preps., above all,Pl.
R. 331b, Phlb. 63c; but alternately,PStrassb.
25.13, etc.; one by one, separately,Hdt.
4.67; ;ἓν ἐφ' ἑνί Id.Sph. 229b
, Lg. 758b: ἓν πρὸς ἕν, with or without συμβάλλειν, in comparisons, Hdt.4.50, Pl.Lg. 647b;πρὸς ἕν' εἷς D.21.131
: alternately,Luc.
Salt.12;εἰς ἓν συναγαγεῖν E.Or. 1640
;ἰσχὺς τοσαύτη εἰς ἓν ξυστᾶσα Th.6.85
;εἰς ἓν μοίρας συνέκυρσας E.Andr. 1172
;ἐς μίαν βουλεύειν Il.2.379
; in full,ἐς μίαν βουλήν Th.5.111
;εἰς μίαν νοεῖν Ael.NA5.9
;ἓν ἐξ ἑνὸς ἐπισεσώρευκεν Arr.Epict.1.10.5
, cf. Luc.Asin.54; ἀπὸ μιᾶς with one accord, Ev.Luc.14.18; at once,S.E.
M.10.124; alsoὑφ' ἓν θέσθαι τὸ ὂν τῷ μὴ ὄντι Plot.6.2.1
; cf. ὑφέν.h in compd. numerals, as an ordinal, τῷ ἑνὶ καὶ τριηκοστῷ [ἔτει] Hdt.5.89, cf.Th.8.109, etc.; so in [dialect] Att. Inscrr., IG2.660.30, al,: later εἷς alone,=first, LXXGe.1.5; μιᾷ τοῦ μηνός ib.8.13.2 one, i.e. the same,τώ μοι μία γείνατο μήτηρ Il. 3.238
, etc.; εἷς καὶ ὁ αὐτός one and the same,ἓν καὶ ταὐτὸν ἀριθμῷ Arist.Metaph. 1039a28
, etc.;ὑπὸ μίαν καὶ τὰν αὐτὰν ἀρχάν Perict.
ap. Stob.3.1.121;ταὐτὸν καὶ ἕν Arist.Ph. 201b3
; soἓν καὶ ὅμοιον Pl.Phdr. 271a
;εἷς καὶ κοινός Plu.2.699f
: c. dat.,ἐμοὶ μιᾶς ἐγένετ' ἐκ ματρός E. Ph. 156
;ἐκ μιᾶς οἰνοχόης Ἐπικούρῳ πεπωκότες Plu.2.1089a
.b possessing unity,ἧττον μία ἡ μίμησις ἡ τῶν ἐποποιῶν Arist.Po. 1462b3
;λίαν ἓν ποιεῖν τὴν πόλιν Id.Pol. 1263b7
;τὰ κυρίως ἕνα Dam.Pr. 437
.3 one, opp. another,ἓν μὲν..ἓν δὲ.. Arist.EN 1139a6
, Pol. 1285b38, etc.;ὁ μὲν..εἷς δὲ..εἷς δ' αὖ.. Od.3.421
sq., cf. Pl.R. 369d;εἷς μὲν..ἕτερος δὲ.. X.HG1.7.23
.4 indefinitely, εἷς τις some one, S.OT 118, Pl.Grg. 471e, etc.;ἐξ ἑνός γέ του τρόπου Th.6.34
; rarely , Pl.Prm. 145d; εἷς γάρ τις ἦν ἕκαστος οὑξειργασμένος each single one was suspected, S.Ant. 262;εἷς ὁστισοῦν Arist.Pol. 1325b28
; εἷς ὁ πρῶτος, Germ. der erste beste, Is.8.33, D.1.9, cf. Luc. Herm.61: alone, like our indef. Art., a, an,Κάδμου θυγατέρων μιᾷ E.Ba. 917
; εἷς κάπηλος, στρατηγός, Ar.Av. 1292, Th.4.50;εἷς Ἀθηναίων D.21.87
, cf. LXXGe.21.15, Ev.Matt.21.19, etc.; εἷς ἀπό.. LXX Le.6.3(22).5 many,A.
Th. 103, Call.Dian.33; οὐχ εἷς οὐδὲ δύο not one or two only, D.29.12; οὐ μίαν οὐδὲ δύο not once nor twice, LXX 4 Ki.6.10;ἓν ἢ καὶ δύο ληφθὲν μαρτύριον Plb.2.38.10
;εἷς ἢ δεύτερος Jul.Or.6.190d
: prov., εἷς ἀνὴρ οὐδεὶς ἀνήρ one man's no man, D.Chr.48.10.6 Math., τὸ ἕν unity, opp.πλῆθος, Pythag.Fr.5, etc.: pl., units,Arist.
Metaph. 1056b21;ὁ ἀριθμός ἐστιν ἕνα πλείω Id.Ph. 207b7
;τῶν προτέρων ἑνῶν Dam.Pr. 460
.7 Philos., ἕν, τό, unity, the One,ἐκ πάντων ἓν καὶ ἐξ ἑνὸς πάντα Heraclit.10
, cf.Emp.17.1, etc.: later indecl.,ἓν εἶναι τοῦ ἓν παρουσίᾳ Plot.6.6.14
, cf.5.5.5. -
20 μάρτυς
Grammatical information: m. f.Meaning: `witness' (Il.; on the spread etc. E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 92 f., on the use in Homer Nenci Par. del Pass. 13, 221ff.) `martyr, (blood-witness)' (christ. lit.; s. Bauer Gr.-dt. Wb. s.v.).Other forms: Aeol. (Hdn. Gr.) a. Dor. μάρτυρ, Cret. Epid. μαῖτυς (- ρς), - ρος, acc. also μάρτυν (Simon.), dat. pl. μάρτυσι (- ρσι Hippon.?); ep., also NWGr. μάρτυρος.Compounds: Compp., e.g. μαρτυρο-ποιέομαι `call as witness' (inscr., pap.), ψευδό-μαρτυς `false witness' (Pl.; Risch IF 59, 257 f.), ἐπί-μαρτυς `witness' (Ar., Call., A. R.), prob. backformation from ἐπι-μαρτύρομαι, - ρέω; on supposed ἐπιμάρτυρος (for ἔπι μάρτυρος) see Leumann Hom. Wörter 71.Derivatives: μαρτυρία (λ 325; cf. below on μαρτυρέω), μαρτύριον (IA) `testimony, evidence'. Denominatives: 1. μαρτύρομαι, also wiht prefix, e.g. δια-, ἐπι-, `call as witness' (IA); 2. μαρτυρέω, often w. prefix, e.g. ἀντι-, ἐκ-, ἐπι-, δια-, κατα-, συν-, `testify, bear witness' (Alc., Pi., IA) with μαρτύρημα (E.), ( ἀντι-, κατα-)-μαρτύρησις (Epicur., pap.) `testimony', also ( δια-, ἐκ-, ἐπι-, συμ-) μαρτυρία `id.' (cf. above and Scheller Oxytonierung 34f. w. n. 4).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The basis may be a verbal noun *μάρ-τυ- `testimony', seen in μάρ-τυς, - τυν, - τυσι; cf. below. The change from abstract `testimony' to appellative `witness' is attested more often, e.g. Fr. témoin \< Lat. testimonium, Engl. witness orig. `testimony', then `witness'. The suffix ρο- gave the personal, prob. orig. adjectival μάρτυ-ρος. A compromise with μάρτυς gave perhaps the consonantstem μάρτυρ-; note esp. the gen. pl. μαρτύρων ( ἐναντίον μαρτύρων etc.), which can be both from the o-stem and from the consonantstem; further see Egli Heteroklisie 117ff. Dissimilation occurred in μαῖτυ(ρ)ς (\< *μάρτυρ-ς); μάρτυσι and μάρτυς can be explained in the same way (Schwyzer 260); cf. above. - As zero grade τυ-derivation μάρτυς may belong to a verb for `remember', which may be found in Skt. smárati and which may have other derivatives in Greek, e.g. μέριμνα (s. v.); proper meaning *'remembrance'. -- Not with Thieme Studien 55 (with criticism of the traditional interpretation): from *mr̥t-tur prop. `seizing death' (?), cf. Leumann Gnomon 25, 191. - But this cannot explain the vocalism, so rather a loand from Pre-Greek (Fur. 296). The speculations above, which start from an IE origin, must be rejected.Page in Frisk: 2,178-179Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μάρτυς
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См. также в других словарях:
μαρτύριον — testimony neut nom/voc/acc sg μαρτυρέω bear witness imperf ind act 3rd pl (doric) μαρτυρέω bear witness imperf ind act 1st sg (doric) … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
μαρτυρίοις — μαρτύριον testimony neut dat pl μαρτυρέω bear witness pres opt act 2nd sg (doric) … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
μαρτυρίοισι — μαρτύριον testimony neut dat pl (epic ionic aeolic) μαρτυρέω bear witness pres part act masc/neut dat pl (doric) … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
μαρτυρίου — μαρτύριον testimony neut gen sg … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
μαρτυρίων — μαρτύριον testimony neut gen pl μαρτυρέω bear witness pres part act masc nom sg (doric) … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
μαρτυρίῳ — μαρτύριον testimony neut dat sg … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
μαρτύρια — μαρτύριον testimony neut nom/voc/acc pl … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
моучениѥ — МОУЧЕНИ|Ѥ (304), ˫А с. 1. Страдание, мука, мучение; у христиан – мученический подвиг во имя Христа: •з҃• бо мѣстъ ѥсть разньствъ м(о)лтвьныихъ. отъ сихъ три подъ страхъмь сѹть и подъ мѹчениѥмь. ины же четыри сп҃саѥмыихъ сѹть. (ὑπὸ... κόλλασιν)… … Словарь древнерусского языка (XI-XIV вв.)
μαρτύριο — το (AM μαρτύριον) 1. αποδεικτικό στοιχείο, τεκμήριο (α. «τα δακτυλικά αποτυπώματα είναι το ισχυρότερο μαρτύριο τής ενοχής του» β. «μαρτύριον δέ Δήλου γὰρ καθαιρομένης...», Θουκ.) 2. κακοποίηση ή βασανιστήριο μέχρι θανάτου («οι χριστιανοί… … Dictionary of Greek
Ανδρέας (άγιος) — Αδελφός του Αποστόλου Πέτρου και ένας από τους 12 Αποστόλους. Καταγόταν από τη Βηθεσδά της Γαλιλαίας (Ιω. 1,44) και ήταν μαθητής του Ιωάννη του Προδρόμου, πριν γίνει μαθητής του Χριστού (Ιω. 1,40 εξ.). Ονομάζεται Πρωτόκλητος,γιατί ήταν από τους… … Dictionary of Greek
Papyrus 46 — New Testament manuscripts papyri • uncials • minuscules • lectionaries Papyrus 46 A folio … Wikipedia
